Trial replication library

Replicated trials and anchored models

Each entry below is a published clinical trial or peer-reviewed physiological model reproduced inside our composed body. The model is calibrated against the original endpoint distributions before any extension. Where we have run a counterfactual extension — different cohort, different schedule, different sub-population — it is noted explicitly.

This list is a curated subset of 17+ publicly defensible replications, drawn from a working library of around forty. Internal-only replications under client engagement are not listed.

Oncology

  • DeLLphi-301 — tarlatamab (DLL3 BiTE) in small-cell lung cancer

    in progress

    Indication · Small-cell lung cancer (relapsed) · drugs: Tarlatamab

    Anchor · Ahn MJ, Cho BC, Felip E et al. Tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer. NEJM 2023;389:2063–2075 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2307980

    Coupled SCLC kernel + DLL3-mediated T-cell engagement + cytokine-release-syndrome cascade. Replicates the DeLLphi-301 response rate distribution and the dose-CRS trade-off across the 10 mg and 100 mg cohorts.

    Scoping: schedule rescue — can a slower step-up titration reduce grade ≥3 CRS without sacrificing response? Awaiting full appendix release for final calibration anchors.

  • Moormann 2005 + 2007 — chronic malaria, EBV, and endemic Burkitt lymphoma

    extended

    Indication · Endemic Burkitt lymphoma

    Anchor · Moormann AM et al. Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in elevated Epstein-Barr virus loads in children. J Infect Dis 2005;191:1233–1238. Moormann AM et al. Exposure to holoendemic malaria results in suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell immunosurveillance in Kenyan children. J Infect Dis 2007;195:799–808

    EBV immunosurveillance ODE coupled to chronic-perturbation load (malaria prevalence). Reproduces the Moormann observation that holoendemic malaria exposure raises EBV viral load and suppresses EBV-specific T-cell surveillance — the proposed mechanistic substrate for endemic Burkitt’s geographic distribution.

    Extension: mechanism-class hook — d(eBL_hazard)/d(chronic_perturbation) extends to any chronic immune perturbation, not just malaria.

Cardiovascular

  • O'Hara-Rudy + Dutta — human ventricular action potential and drug-induced TdP

    replicated

    Indication · Drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP)

    Anchor · O'Hara T, Virág L, Varró A, Rudy Y. Simulation of the undiseased human cardiac ventricular action potential. PLoS Comput Biol 2011;7:e1002061. Dutta S et al. Optimization of an in silico cardiac cell model for proarrhythmia risk assessment. Front Physiol 2017;8:616

    41-state cardiac electrophysiology kernel — IKr, IKs, ICaL, INa, INaL and the full ionic-current set. Reproduces the published action-potential durations under reference and IKr-blockade conditions. Drives the cardiac-safety panel used in adverse-event counterfactuals.

  • Guyton — long-term blood-pressure regulation and the RAAS axis

    replicated

    Indication · Hypertension and heart failure · drugs: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, MRAs

    Anchor · Guyton AC. Blood pressure control — special role of the kidneys and body fluids. Science 1991;252:1813–1816

    Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone cascade coupling kidney, adrenal, and cardiac afterload. Anchor for antihypertensive titration and RAAS-targeted therapy across hypertension, HFrEF / HFpEF, and CKD.

  • Cohen 2014 — atherosclerosis foam-cell ODE

    extended

    Indication · Atherosclerosis · drugs: Statins, PCSK9 inhibitors

    Anchor · Cohen A, Myerscough MR, Thompson RS. Athero-protective effects of high density lipoproteins (HDL): an ODE model of the early stages of atherosclerosis. Bull Math Biol 2014;76:1117–1142

    Macrophage / foam-cell ODE coupling LDL, modified LDL, and HDL efflux with plaque-volume dynamics. Reproduces the Cohen-Myerscough baseline trajectory and the HDL-protection signal.

    Extension: statin titration designed under the model — per-patient LDL trajectory + plaque progression + hepatic/myalgic side-effect constraints — with a separate identifiability map showing which parameters can be recovered from a given bloodwork panel.

  • Snelder-Heinig 2024 — finerenone PK/PD in FIGARO-DKD / FIDELIO-DKD

    in progress

    Indication · Diabetic kidney disease, heart failure (preserved EF) · drugs: Finerenone

    Anchor · Snelder N, Heinig R et al. Population pharmacokinetic and exposure-response analyses of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes from the phase 3 FIGARO-DKD and FIDELIO-DKD studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024;26

    Finerenone PK/PD coupled to the RAAS axis, kidney handling, and the K-gated up-titration logic the FIGARO/FIDELIO trials operationalised. Awaiting full PDF fetch for refit calibration. Direction-of-effect (eGFR preservation, CV endpoint) reproduces published anchors.

Immune / Infectious

  • PALM trial — antibody therapy for Ebola virus disease

    extended

    Indication · Ebola virus disease · drugs: mAb114, REGN-EB3, ZMapp, Remdesivir

    Anchor · Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey RT et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. NEJM 2019;381:2293–2303 DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1910993

    A 22-state coupled model of Ebola virus disease — viral replication, antibody response, immune activation, coagulation failure, organ failure — calibrated against all six PALM treatment arms and the observational control. Reproduces reported case-fatality rates within published confidence intervals.

    Extension: the trial enrolled patients on arrival, leaving time-from-symptom to first dose as an uncontrolled confounder. The model is run with time as a free input, surfacing the 48-hour timing cliff the trial design could not quantify. The remdesivir paradox (53% CFR vs 48% observational) is shown to be consistent with allocation bias rather than drug harm.

  • Mertz 2004 + Safronetz 2011 — ribavirin in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

    replicated

    Indication · Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome · drugs: Ribavirin, Hydroxychloroquine, Ivermectin

    Anchor · Mertz GJ et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intravenous ribavirin for the treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1307–1313. Safronetz D et al. PNAS 2011;108:13166–13171

    8-state coupled HPS model — viral load, endothelial infection, capillary leak, pulmonary oedema, lactic acidosis, IL-6, platelets, bradykinin. Reproduces the Mertz 2004 null (ribavirin at median enrolment day 4.5 → ~13% mortality, no endpoint benefit) AND the Safronetz 2011 positive (ribavirin at day 1 → 0% mortality in hamster model translated to human physiology).

    The wrong-stage thesis confirmed in silico. Companion piece on the blog.

  • Camporesi 2024 — paediatric long COVID 3-year cohort

    in progress

    Indication · Long COVID, paediatric

    Anchor · Camporesi A et al. (Long-term outcomes in paediatric COVID-19 — ISARIC paediatric long COVID consortium, 2024)

    Coupled immune + CNS + cardiovascular trajectory model for paediatric post-acute COVID. Replicates the 3-year cohort distribution of symptom persistence and recovery. Collaboration with the ISARIC paediatric long COVID consortium.

  • Spike-myocarditis: vaccine vs natural infection

    replicated

    Indication · Spike-protein-induced myocarditis

    Anchor · Multiple peer-reviewed anchors — population-level myocarditis surveillance vs spike-protein persistence kinetics in vaccinated vs infected cohorts

    Coupled cardiac electrophysiology + immune signalling kernel. Compares the brief, UPS-cleared spike exposure of vaccination with the sustained, endothelium-resident spike of active infection. The hazard ratio falls out cleanly at 6–7× against the vaccine — consistent with the published surveillance literature. The kinetic story is in the model, not in counting events.

  • Krishna 1996 — artesunate-DHA PK in falciparum malaria

    extended

    Indication · Falciparum malaria, with extensions to artemisinin oncology · drugs: Artesunate, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)

    Anchor · Krishna S et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of artemisinin and its derivatives (1996 onwards series); Efferth group reviews 2015–2025

    Artesunate → DHA hepatic-esterase hydrolysis kernel coupled to plasma, parasite load, and a ferroptosis-pathway hook for the Efferth-group oncology framing. Reproduces the Krishna PK series; extends to glioma and other DHA-sensitive tumour panels under bone-marrow and hepatic toxicity constraints.

  • Idenix vs Gilead — hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral combinations

    replicated

    Indication · Chronic hepatitis C · drugs: Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir-class NS5A inhibitors

    Anchor · Multiple peer-reviewed anchors — sofosbuvir / NS5A inhibitor combination trial outcomes (Idenix-developed candidates vs Gilead Harvoni / Epclusa)

    Hepatitis C kernel coupled to hepatocyte infection, viral replication, and combination-DAA pharmacology. Reproduces the published SVR rates across the licensed combinations; used as a worked example of cross-company combination comparison under a shared body model.

Metabolic / Endocrine

  • Lemaire 2004 + Pivonka 2008 + Graham-Ayati 2013 — bone remodelling

    extended

    Indication · Osteoporosis and bone metastases · drugs: Teriparatide, Denosumab, Romosozumab, Bisphosphonates

    Anchor · Lemaire V et al. Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling. J Theor Biol 2004;229:293–309. Pivonka P et al. Model structure and control of bone remodeling: a theoretical study. Bone 2008;43:249–263. Graham JM, Ayati BP et al. The role of osteocytes in targeted bone remodeling: a mathematical model. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e63884

    14-state osteoblast/osteoclast/osteocyte coupling with PTH, RANKL, OPG, sclerostin, and mechanical-load levers. Reproduces Lemaire’s baseline steady state, Pivonka’s TGF-β extension, and the Graham-Ayati Wnt/sclerostin mechanical-loading response. Drives the osteoporosis-titration program and the bone-metastatic component of the prostate and breast cancer programs.

  • MAESTRO-NASH — resmetirom in MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis)

    in progress

    Indication · Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH/NAFLD) · drugs: Resmetirom

    Anchor · Harrison SA et al. A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis. NEJM 2024;390:497–509 (Madrigal Pharmaceuticals MAESTRO-NASH)

    Thyroid-hormone-receptor-β agonist coupled to hepatic lipid handling, NASH inflammation, and fibrosis trajectory. Reproduces the MAESTRO-NASH primary endpoint distributions; sweep against alternative dosing schedules in progress.

CNS

  • Clarity-AD and TRAILBLAZER-ALZ-2 — anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer's

    extended

    Indication · Early Alzheimer's disease · drugs: Lecanemab, Donanemab

    Anchor · van Dyck CH et al. Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease. NEJM 2023;388:9–21. Sims JR et al. Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 2023;330:512–527

    Composed CNS pharmacology + blood-brain-barrier transport + anti-amyloid antibody binding + microglial activation. Reproduces both pivotal trials’ 18-month cognitive endpoints and the reported ~0.5% brain-volume reduction within confidence intervals.

    Extension: the model is run past month 30 under both the pseudoatrophy and the real-neurotoxicity hypotheses. The two predictions diverge at the post-trial horizon — the published 18-month data is consistent with both. Anticoagulation + ApoE4 homozygote sub-population simulated separately.

Cross-cutting

  • Friberg 2002 — semi-mechanistic myelosuppression model

    replicated

    Indication · Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression

    Anchor · Friberg LE, Henningsson A, Maas H et al. Model of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression with parameter consistency across drugs. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(24):4713–4721 DOI:10.1200/JCO.2002.02.140

    Reproduces Friberg’s transit-chain model (proliferating cells → transit → circulating neutrophils) with drug-effect on proliferation. Used as the marrow-toxicity constraint for every chemotherapy schedule search in the dose-and-schedule program.

  • Virtual-cohort framework (Allen-Rieger-Musante)

    replicated

    Indication · Trial replication and counterfactual extension (cross-indication)

    Anchor · Allen RJ, Rieger TR, Musante CJ. Efficient generation and selection of virtual populations in quantitative systems pharmacology models. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2016;5(3):140–146 DOI:10.1002/psp4.12063

    The virtual-cohort generation method used across every trial-replication program. Sample patient covariate vectors from the population distribution, simulate the trial protocol, check that endpoint distributions land within published confidence intervals, then re-sample for the counterfactual cohort. The infrastructure layer beneath every other entry on this page.

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